Coursera Week 2 - Octave learning
Octave Tutorial, Octave Learning
1. var
不像matlab有图形界面，octave只提供了命令行接口。 要启动octave，只需要在命令行输入octave即可。
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| >> 2 * (3 + 5)
ans = 16
>> 2 ^ (3 + 5)
ans = 256
>> x = 2 * 3
x = 6
>> who
Variables in the current scope:
ans x
>> disp(x)
6
>>
|
2. constant
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| > pi
ans = 3.1416
>> e
ans = 2.7183
>> format long
>> pi
ans = 3.14159265358979
>> format short
>> pi
ans = 3.1416
>>
|
octave系统定义了圆周率pi和自然指数e这两个常量, octave 可以定义显示结果
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| >> 3/0
warning: division by zero
ans = Inf
>> 0/0
warning: division by zero
ans = NaN
>>
|
系统定义了Inf和NaN（注意要区分大小写）。Inf(Infinity)表示被零除的结果，NaN(Not a Number)表示零除零的结果。
3. workspace
使用save命令保存当前工作区到文件 work1
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| >> save work1
>> load work1
>> pi
ans = 3.1416
|
4. semicolon
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| octave:32> x = 2 * 3
x = 6
octave:33> x = 2 * 3;
octave:34> disp(x)
6
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5. matrix
矩阵使用方括号([])括起来，维度使用分号(;)分割。 同一维度之间的分隔符可以是空格或逗号(,)
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| octave:35> x = [ 2 3 5 ]
x =
2 3 5
octave:36> y = [ 2, 3, 5 ]
y =
2 3 5
octave:37> z = [ 2; 3; 5 ]
z =
2
3
5
octave:39> a = [ 1 2; 1, 3; 1 5 ]
a =
1 2
1 3
1 5
|
使用冒号表达式快速构造连续的向量
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| octave:43> v = 2:5
v =
2 3 4 5
octave:44> v = 2:0.3:3
v =
2.0000 2.3000 2.6000 2.9000
|
构造矩阵的函数
linspace(start, end, N) 产生N个均匀分布于start和end之间的向量。 在绘图时用于产生x坐标特别有用。
logspace(start, end, N) 产生N个指数分布于10start和10end之间的向量。 在绘图时用于产生x坐标特别有用。
zeros(M, N)
zeros(N) = zeros(N, N)。
ones(M, N)
ones(N) = ones(N, N)。
rand(M, N) 值位于0~1的随机数的矩阵。
rand(N) = rand(N, N)。
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| octave:66> x = linspace (3, 4, 5)
x =
Columns 1 through 4:
3.00000000000000 3.25000000000000 3.50000000000000 3.75000000000000
Column 5:
4.00000000000000
octave:67> logspace (1, 2, 6)
ans =
Columns 1 through 4:
10.0000000000000 15.8489319246111 25.1188643150958 39.8107170553497
Columns 5 and 6:
63.0957344480193 100.0000000000000
|
6. matrix operation
说明：A\B为矩阵左除，用于求解线性方程Wx=b，其中W为一个nxn的矩阵，b为一个n维的列向量。 求解线性方式示例：
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| octave:15> W = [1 1 1 1; 1 2 3 4; 3 4 6 2; 2 7 10 5];
octave:16> b = [3; 5; 5; 8];
octave:17> x = W\b
x =
1.0000
3.0000
-2.0000
1.0000
|
6.1 matrix transpose
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| octave:9> x = rand(3)
x =
0.0052581 0.4446771 0.3970036
0.7844458 0.3317067 0.9633000
0.0577080 0.9015905 0.0344771
octave:10> x'
ans =
0.0052581 0.7844458 0.0577080
0.4446771 0.3317067 0.9015905
0.3970036 0.9633000 0.034477
|
7. plotting
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| >> t=[0:0.01:0.98];
>> t
t =
Columns 1 through 10:
0.00000 0.01000 0.02000 0.03000 0.04000 0.05000 0.06000 0.07000 0.08000 0.09000
Columns 11 through 20:
0.10000 0.11000 0.12000 0.13000 0.14000 0.15000 0.16000 0.17000 0.18000 0.19000
Columns 21 through 30:
0.20000 0.21000 0.22000 0.23000 0.24000 0.25000 0.26000 0.27000 0.28000 0.29000
Columns 31 through 40:
0.30000 0.31000 0.32000 0.33000 0.34000 0.35000 0.36000 0.37000 0.38000 0.39000
Columns 41 through 50:
0.40000 0.41000 0.42000 0.43000 0.44000 0.45000 0.46000 0.47000 0.48000 0.49000
Columns 51 through 60:
0.50000 0.51000 0.52000 0.53000 0.54000 0.55000 0.56000 0.57000 0.58000 0.59000
Columns 61 through 70:
0.60000 0.61000 0.62000 0.63000 0.64000 0.65000 0.66000 0.67000 0.68000 0.69000
Columns 71 through 80:
0.70000 0.71000 0.72000 0.73000 0.74000 0.75000 0.76000 0.77000 0.78000 0.79000
Columns 81 through 90:
0.80000 0.81000 0.82000 0.83000 0.84000 0.85000 0.86000 0.87000 0.88000 0.89000
Columns 91 through 99:
0.90000 0.91000 0.92000 0.93000 0.94000 0.95000 0.96000 0.97000 0.98000
>> y1=sin(2*pi*4*t);
>> plot(t,y1)
>> y2=cos(2*pi*4*t);
>> plot(t,y2)
>> hold on
>> plot(t,y1)
>> plot(t,y2,'r')
>> xlabel('time')
>> ylabel('value')
>> legend('sin','cos')
>> title('my plot')
>> print -dpng 'myPlot.png'
warning: print.m: fig2dev binary is not available.
Some output formats are not available.
|
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| >> figure(2); plot(t, y2)
>> subplot(1,2,1);
>> plot(t,y1)
>> subplot(1,2,2)
>> plot(t,y2)
>> axis([0.5 1 -1 1])
|
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| >> clf;
>> A = magic(5)
A =
17 24 1 8 15
23 5 7 14 16
4 6 13 20 22
10 12 19 21 3
11 18 25 2 9
>> imagesc(A)
>> imagesc(A), colorbar, colormap gray;
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| >> imagesc(magic(15)), colorbar, colormap gray;
>> a=1,b=2,c=3
a = 1
b = 2
c = 3
|
8. ng
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| >> A = [1 2; 3 4; 5 6;]
A =
1 2
3 4
5 6
>>
save hello.mat v; (压缩比例很大)
save hello.txt v -ascii
>> who
Variables in the current scope:
A
>> whos
Variables in the current scope:
Attr Name Size Bytes Class
==== ==== ==== ===== =====
A 3x2 48 double
Total is 6 elements using 48 bytes
>> clear
>> A(3,2)
ans = 6
>> A(:,2)
ans =
2
4
6
>> A(2,:)
ans =
3 4
>> A
A =
1 2
3 4
5 6
>> A([1 3], :)
ans =
1 2
5 6
>> A(:,2)
ans =
2
4
6
>> A(:,2) = [10; 11; 12]
A =
1 10
3 11
5 12
>> A = [A, [100; 101; 102]];
>> A
A =
1 10 100
3 11 101
5 12 102
>> [100;101;102]
ans =
100
101
102
>> size(A)
ans =
3 3
>> A(:)
ans =
1
3
5
10
11
12
100
101
102
>> A = [1 2; 3 4; 5 6;]
A =
1 2
3 4
5 6
>> B = [11 12; 13 14; 15 16]
B =
11 12
13 14
15 16
>> C = [A B]
C =
1 2 11 12
3 4 13 14
5 6 15 16
>> D = [A;B]
D =
1 2
3 4
5 6
11 12
13 14
15 16
>> size(D)
ans =
6 2
>> [A, B]
ans =
1 2 11 12
3 4 13 14
5 6 15 16
>> [A B]
ans =
1 2 11 12
3 4 13 14
5 6 15 16
>>
>>
>>>> A .* B
ans =
11 24
39 56
75 96
>> A .^ 2
ans =
1 4
9 16
25 36
>> v = [1; 2; 3]
v =
1
2
3
>> 1 ./ v
ans =
1.00000
0.50000
0.33333
>> 1 ./ A
ans =
1.00000 0.50000
0.33333 0.25000
0.20000 0.16667
>> log(v)
ans =
0.00000
0.69315
1.09861
>> exp(v)
ans =
2.7183
7.3891
20.0855
>> abs(v)
ans =
1
2
3
>> abs([-1; -2; -3])
ans =
1
2
3
>> V = v
V =
1
2
3
>> V
V =
1
2
3
>> V
V =
1
2
3
>> -V
ans =
-1
-2
-3
>> V + ones(length(V))
warning: operator +: automatic broadcasting operation applied
ans =
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
>> length(V)
ans = 3
>> ones(3,1)
ans =
1
1
1
>> V + ones(3, 1)
ans =
2
3
4
>> V + 2
ans =
3
4
5
>> V
V =
1
2
3
>> A
A =
1 2
3 4
5 6
>> A'
ans =
1 3 5
2 4 6
>> a = [1 15 2 0.5]
a =
1.00000 15.00000 2.00000 0.50000
>> val = max(a)
val = 15
>> [val, ind] = max(a)
val = 15
ind = 2
>> max(A)
ans =
5 6
>> A
A =
1 2
3 4
5 6
>> a
a =
1.00000 15.00000 2.00000 0.50000
>> a < 3
ans =
1 0 1 1
>> find(a < 3)
ans =
1 3 4
>> A = magix(3)
error: 'magix' undefined near line 1 column 5
>> A = magic(3)
A =
8 1 6
3 5 7
4 9 2
>> [r, c] = find(A >= 7)
r =
1
3
2
c =
1
2
3
>> A(2,3)
ans = 7
>> sum(a)
ans = 18.500
>> prod(a)
ans = 15
>> floor(a)
ans =
1 15 2 0
>> ceil(a)
ans =
1 15 2 1
>> rand(3)
ans =
0.708800 0.905101 0.837562
0.264139 0.265985 0.671546
0.411435 0.058028 0.454436
>> max(rand(3), rand(3))
ans =
0.87641 0.74541 0.92027
0.61292 0.57756 0.95694
0.26555 0.76822 0.63566
>> A
A =
8 1 6
3 5 7
4 9 2
>> max(A, [], 1)
ans =
8 9 7
>> max(A, [], 2)
ans =
8
7
9
>> max(A)
ans =
8 9 7
>> max(max(A))
ans = 9
>> A(:)
ans =
8
3
4
1
5
9
6
7
2
>> max(A(:))
ans = 9
>>
>>
>> A = magic(9)
A =
47 58 69 80 1 12 23 34 45
57 68 79 9 11 22 33 44 46
67 78 8 10 21 32 43 54 56
77 7 18 20 31 42 53 55 66
6 17 19 30 41 52 63 65 76
16 27 29 40 51 62 64 75 5
26 28 39 50 61 72 74 4 15
36 38 49 60 71 73 3 14 25
37 48 59 70 81 2 13 24 35
>> sum(A,1)
ans =
369 369 369 369 369 369 369 369 369
>> sum(A,2)
ans =
369
369
369
369
369
369
369
369
369
>> eye(9)
ans =
Diagonal Matrix
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
>> A
A =
47 58 69 80 1 12 23 34 45
57 68 79 9 11 22 33 44 46
67 78 8 10 21 32 43 54 56
77 7 18 20 31 42 53 55 66
6 17 19 30 41 52 63 65 76
16 27 29 40 51 62 64 75 5
26 28 39 50 61 72 74 4 15
36 38 49 60 71 73 3 14 25
37 48 59 70 81 2 13 24 35
>> A .* eye(9)
ans =
47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 68 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 41 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 62 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 74 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35
>> sum(sum(A .* eye(9)))
ans = 369
>> flipud(eye(9))
ans =
Permutation Matrix
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
>> sum(sum(A.*flipud(eye(9))))
ans = 369
>> A
A =
47 58 69 80 1 12 23 34 45
57 68 79 9 11 22 33 44 46
67 78 8 10 21 32 43 54 56
77 7 18 20 31 42 53 55 66
6 17 19 30 41 52 63 65 76
16 27 29 40 51 62 64 75 5
26 28 39 50 61 72 74 4 15
36 38 49 60 71 73 3 14 25
37 48 59 70 81 2 13 24 35
>> A = magic(3)
A =
8 1 6
3 5 7
4 9 2
>> temp = pinv(A)
temp =
0.147222 -0.144444 0.063889
-0.061111 0.022222 0.105556
-0.019444 0.188889 -0.102778
|
Reference article
- coursera week 2 learning notes
- 学习一点
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